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Aristocracy

noun: aristocracy

the highest class in certain societies, typically comprising people of noble birth holding hereditary titles and offices.

"members of the aristocracy"

synonyms:

the nobility, the peerage, the gentry, the upper class, the ruling class, the privileged class, the elite, high society, the establishment, the patriciate, the haut monde, the beau monde; More

antonyms:

the working class, the common people, the masses

1.1 *** A form of government in which power is held by the nobility.

‘Nor, despite their republicanism, did they seek the destruction of aristocracy.’
‘Both argued that irrespective of the form of government, be it monarchy, aristocracy, or democracy, a relatively compact minority always ruled.’

*** A state in which governing power is held by the nobility.

‘Rather they reveal Tocqueville's fixation on the contrast between classes in aristocracies and democracies.’
‘But while the castles became increasingly the centres of seigneurial lordships and the centres of the power they exercised, this meant that aristocracies were now abandoning the cities.’

*** A group regarded as privileged or superior in a particular sphere.

‘Much of the native Kentucky racing establishment resent the perceived dilution of racing's aristocracy.’
‘These groups were the intelligentsia, civil servants, the labour aristocracy, and successful petty producers.’
‘Corporate people are capitalism's new aristocracy.’

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Verdict

noun

noun: verdict; plural noun: verdicts

a decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal case or an inquest.

"the jury returned a verdict of not guilty"

synonyms:

judgement, adjudication, adjudgement, decision, finding, ruling, resolution, pronouncement, decree, order, settlement, result, conclusion, opinion, prognosis, conviction, assumption, presumption; More

an opinion or judgement.

"this seems a fair verdict on the tabloids"

‘Moreover the verdicts in the remaining cases are likely to follow a similar pattern.’
‘Yesterday the jury returned unanimous guilty verdicts after nearly seven hours of deliberation over two days.’
‘In our view, the use of handcuffs does not render the verdict unsafe.’

‘Well, the public has spoken and given a clear verdict in the cat naming poll.’
‘The opinion poll will reveal the public's verdict on what level of council tax should be set for next year.’

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Untenable

adjective

adjective: untenable

(especially of a position or view) not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection.

"this argument is clearly untenable"

synonyms:

indefensible, undefendable, unarguable, insupportable, refutable, unsustainable, unjustified, unwarranted, unjustifiable, inadmissible, unsound, ill-founded, flimsy, weak, shaky, flawed, defective, faulty, implausible, specious, groundless, unfounded, baseless, invalid, absurd, illogical, irrational, preposterous, senseless, unacceptable

"the Government's position is untenable"

antonyms:

tenable, defensible

‘They were in an untenable position and her lawyer didn't talk to Libby for a year.’
‘He accepted the agreement after he said his condition was untenable.’
‘The meeting unanimously agreed that the current situation at the hospital was untenable.’

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Imperative

adjective

adjective: imperative

of vital importance; crucial.

"immediate action was imperative"

synonyms:

vitally important, of vital importance, all-important, vital, crucial, critical, essential, of the essence, a matter of life and death, of great consequence, necessary, indispensable, exigent, pressing, urgent;

required, compulsory, mandatory, obligatory

"it is imperative that you find him"

antonyms:

unimportant, optional

giving an authoritative command; peremptory.

"the bell pealed again, a final imperative call"

synonyms:

peremptory, commanding, imperious, authoritative, masterful, lordly, magisterial, autocratic, dictatorial, domineering, overbearing, assertive, firm, insistent, bossy, high-handed, overweening

"the imperative note in her voice was unmistakable"

antonyms:

submissive

GRAMMAR

denoting the mood of a verb that expresses a command or exhortation, as in come here!.

noun

noun: imperative; plural noun: imperatives

1.
an essential or urgent thing.

"free movement of labour was an economic imperative"
a factor or influence making something necessary.

"the biological imperatives which guide male and female behaviour"
2.
GRAMMAR

a verb or phrase in the imperative mood.
the imperative mood.

noun: the imperative

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Discreet

adjective: discreet; comparative adjective: discreeter; superlative adjective: discreetest

careful and prudent in one's speech or actions, especially in order to keep something confidential or to avoid embarrassment.

"we made some discreet inquiries"

synonyms:

careful, circumspect, cautious, wary, chary, guarded, close-lipped, close-mouthed;

tactful, diplomatic, considerate, politic, prudent, judicious, strategic, wise, sensible;

delicate, kid-glove;

informalsoftly-softly

"I'll make some discreet inquiries"

antonyms:

indiscreet, rash

intentionally unobtrusive.

"a discreet cough"

synonyms: unobtrusive, inconspicuous;

subtle, low-key, understated, subdued, muted, soft, restrained, unostentatious, downbeat, low-profile

"the discreet lighting"

antonyms: obtrusive

* In modern thought, it is common to see the individual as discreet and atomic, essentially unconnected with those around him.
* Perhaps the best way of giving some indication of the wide spectrum of popular response is to look at one discreet episode.

adverb- discreetly

"he discreetly inquired whether the position was still available"

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Confine

verb

past tense: confined; past participle: confined

/kənˈfʌɪn/

keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits of (space, scope, or time).

"he does not confine his message to high politics"

synonyms:

enclose, incarcerate, imprison, intern, impound, hold captive, trap;

shut in/up, keep, pen in/up, cage, lock in/up, coop (up), box up/in, immure, mew up;

fence in, hedge in, hurdle, rail in, wall in/up;

encircle, surround, ring, encompass, hem in, close in, kettle;

corral;

raregird, compass

"their cats are confined in the house"

restrict, limit;

keep within the limits of, not allow to go beyond

"he confined his remarks to the job in hand"

restrain or forbid someone from leaving (a place).

"the troops were confined to their barracks"
(of a person) be unable to leave (one's bed, home, or a wheelchair) because of illness or disability.

"he was confined to bed for four days with a bad dose of flu"
DATED

(of a woman) remain in bed for a period before, during, and after giving birth.

"she was confined for nearly a month"

confined -

adjective - You can’t keep kids in a confined space for long.

confinement -

noun - He was tired of the constant confinement of his office.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Harem
noun

(in former times) the separate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants.

"we were invited into the harem in the rear of the house"

synonyms: women's quarters; More
the women occupying a harem; the wives (or concubines) of a polygamous man.

"the Maharaja of Delhi had a very fine harem of 18 young and nubile wives"

a group of female animals sharing a single mate.

"the dominant bulls gather a harem of anything from two to ten cows"

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Perspiration

noun

noun: perspiration

the process of sweating.

"exercise causes perspiration and a speeded-up heartbeat"
sweat.

"perspiration ran down his forehead"

synonyms: sweat, moisture, dampness, wetness;

a lather;

sweating;

informala muck sweat;

technicaldiaphoresis, hidrosis

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Congruous
(adjective)

the same as, or in agreement with, other facts or principles:

* His conclusion is congruous with one previously drawn by Mayer.

* These divisions of the images seem perfectly congruous, but they are not.
* In all other sauropods known from congruous remains this feature had been reduced already.
* That question is not congruous to the present proposal.

Congruity
(noun)

the quality of being the same as, or in agreement with, other facts or principles

* We will assess the degree of congruity between the aims and methods of different agencies.
* The important thing here is not the variety of means but their fitness for and congruity with the end.
* These studies identify two key links between language and memory: language specificity and language congruity.
* The congruities are particularly clear in the realm of syllable structure.

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Reverence
noun

deep respect for someone or something.

"rituals showed honour and reverence for the dead"

synonyms:

high esteem, high regard, great respect, acclaim, admiration, approbation, approval, appreciation, estimation, favour, recognition;

verb

regard or treat with deep respect.

"the many divine beings reverenced by Hindu tradition"

synonyms:

revere, respect, admire, think highly of, have a high opinion of, hold in high regard, esteem, hold in (high) esteem, think much of, approve of, appreciate, cherish, value, set (great) store by, prize, treasure, look up to;

Dawkins did not share the town's reverence for the sea, nor did he have much time for those.
He hadn't wanted vague talk of reverence; he'd wanted a concrete reason for what seemed to him an absurdity.

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Coherence

noun: coherence; plural noun: coherences

1.

the quality of being logical and consistent.

"this raises further questions on the coherence of state policy"

synonyms: consistency, logicality, good sense, soundness, organization, orderliness, unity;More

antonyms: incoherence
2.

the quality of forming a unified whole.

"the group began to lose coherence and the artists took separate directions"

1.

the restoration of friendly relations.

"his reconciliation with your uncle"

synonyms: reuniting, reunion, bringing (back) together (again), conciliation, reconcilement; More

antonyms: estrangement, alienation, feud, incompatibility
2.

the action of making one view or belief compatible with another.

"any possibility of reconciliation between such clearly opposed positions"
3.

the action of making financial accounts consistent; harmonization.

"the reconciliation process should be consistent with the business strategy"

*Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.
*The film offers little hope of reconciliation between both sides.
*But I began to realize that once you had dismissed me you'd never again humble your pride to make the first move toward reconciliation.

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Penance

noun

voluntary self-punishment to atone for a sin, crime, etc

a feeling of regret for one's wrongdoings

"he had done public penance for those hasty words"

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Prosecution

noun

noun: prosecution; plural noun: prosecutions

1.
the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge.

"the organizers are facing prosecution for noise nuisance"
the party instituting or conducting legal proceedings against someone in a lawsuit.

noun: the prosecution

"the main witness for the prosecution"
2.

the continuation of a course of action with a view to its completion.

"the BBC's prosecution of its commercial ends"

1.

blow out air loudly on account of exertion.

"he was huffing under a heavy load"
2.

express one's feeling of petty annoyance.

"‘Huh!’ Nanny huffed"

noun

a fit of petty annoyance.

"she walked off in a huff"

synonyms:

bad mood, sulk, fit of bad humour, fit of pique, pet, temper, tantrum, rage, fury, passion;

The economic power of many Asian countries has grown dramatically in recent years.
The cost of the project has increased dramatically since it began.
Her health has improved dramatically since she started on this new diet.

adverb (THEATRE)

(as if) acting in a play:

She swept her hair back dramatically.

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Exaggerated

adjective

adjective: exaggerated

regarded or represented as larger, better, or worse than in reality.

"an exaggerated account of his adventures"
enlarged or altered beyond normal proportions.

"comic book characters are drawn with exaggerated features so you will remember them"

verb

past tense: exaggerated; past participle: exaggerated

"he was apt to exaggerate any aches and pains"

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Advice or advise?

Advice is a noun and means a suggestion about what someone should do. It is uncountable:
*Let me give you some advice: stay away from Margaret.
*She gave him a lot of advice, but I don’t think he listened. [Not: …a lot of advices …]

If we want to use advice in a countable way, then we use the phrase a piece of advice:
I have two pieces of advice for you about the holiday.

We use the verb advise to mean ‘to give someone advice’:
I strongly advise you to lose weight.
They finally did what we advised.

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Staging
noun

1.
the method of presenting a play or other dramatic performance.

"the quality of staging and design"
2.

NORTH AMERICAN

the activity or practice of styling and furnishing a property for sale in such a way as to enhance its attractiveness to potential buyers.

"home staging has become a huge trend in the real estate industry"

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Stag - stagging

A male deer, especially a male red deer after its fifth year.
A social gathering attended by men only.

British Stock Market
A person who applies for shares in a new issue with a view to selling at once for a profit.

‘stags made an average profit of £60 each’

ADVERB
Without a female partner at a social gathering. ‘a lot of boys went stag’

VERB

British Stock Market
‘they made profits from stagging each issue’
‘The restriction could limit the opportunity for stagging the stock.’

North American informal Roughly cut (a garment, especially a pair of trousers) to make it shorter.
‘I stagged them off and burned the ends then tucked them away’
‘Hels was a short, stocky man in a plaid jumper, stagged trousers and boots.’

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Incomprehensive or incomprehensible: use incomprehensible

Incomprehensive

adjective
not able to comprehend well; understanding little

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Incomprehensible

adjective

adjective: incomprehensible

not able to be understood; not intelligible.

"a language which is incomprehensible to anyone outside the office"

synonyms: unintelligible, indecipherable; More

the most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible

antonyms: intelligible, comprehensible, understandable, clear

Include a lot of complex science and the book becomes incomprehensible.
It is almost incomprehensible that this has happened.

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Tedious

adjective

too long, slow, or dull; tiresome or monotonous.

"a tedious journey"

synonyms:

boring, monotonous, dull, deadly dull, uninteresting, unexciting, unvaried, unvarying, lacking variety, mind-numbing, mindless, soul-destroying, soulless, humdrum, dreary, ho-hum, mundane, wearisome, wearying, tiresome, soporific, dry, as dry as dust, arid, lifeless, colourless, monochrome, uninspired, uninspiring, flat, plodding, slow, banal, vapid, insipid, bland, lacklustre, prosaic, run-of-the-mill, pedestrian, jejune, leaden, heavy;

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Ecstatic

adjective

adjective: ecstatic

feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or joyful excitement.

"ecstatic fans filled the stadium"

synonyms:

enraptured, elated, transported, in transports, in raptures, euphoric;

rapturous, joyful, joyous, overjoyed, blissful, beatific;

on cloud nine, in seventh heaven, delirious (with happiness), beside oneself with joy/happiness, jumping for joy, rhapsodic, ravished, enchanted, enthusiastic, delighted, thrilled, jubilant, exultant, happy;

informalover the moon, on top of the world, blissed out;

orgasmic;

informalwrapped

"she was sometimes ecstatic with love"

antonyms:

miserable

2.

involving an experience of mystic self-transcendence.

"an ecstatic vision of God"

noun

noun: ecstatic; plural noun: ecstatics

1.

a person subject to mystical experiences.

He said: 'I was ecstatic to see my name on the team sheet.
So why was I left feeling less than ecstatic?
Some days I feel ecstatic and very excitable.
Nonetheless, the crowd are ecstatic.
It is a character of being, a sound of ecstatic joy.

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Activist

noun

noun: activist; plural noun: activists

1.

a person who campaigns to bring about political or social change.

"police arrested three activists"

adjective

adjective: activist

1.

campaigning to bring about political or social change.

"activist groups around the world are organizing solidarity events"

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Adolescent

adjective

adjective: adolescent

1.
(of a young person) in the process of developing from a child into an adult.

"many parents find it hard to understand their adolescent children"

synonyms: teenage, teenaged, pubescent, youthful, young, juvenile;

informalteen

"adolescent boys are more likely to join gangs"

antonyms: adult
relating to or characteristic of adolescence.

"his adolescent years"

synonyms: immature, childish, babyish, infantile, juvenile, puerile, jejune, inane, silly, fatuous;More

noun

noun: adolescent; plural noun: adolescents

1.

an adolescent boy or girl.

"the books are aimed at children and adolescents"

synonyms: teenager, youngster, young person, young adult, young man, young woman, young lady, young one, youth, juvenile, minor; More

antonyms: adult, infant

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Anxiety

noun

noun: anxiety; plural noun: anxieties

a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.

"he felt a surge of anxiety"

synonyms:

worry, concern, apprehension, apprehensiveness, consternation, uneasiness, unease, fearfulness, fear, disquiet, disquietude, perturbation, fretfulness, agitation, angst, nervousness, nerves, edginess, tension, tenseness, stress, misgiving, trepidation, foreboding, suspense; More

antonyms:

calmness, serenity

PSYCHIATRY

a nervous disorder marked by excessive uneasiness and apprehension, typically with compulsive behaviour or panic attacks.

"she suffered from anxiety attacks"

2.

strong desire or concern to do something or for something to happen.

"the housekeeper's eager anxiety to please"

synonyms: eagerness, keenness, desire, impatience, longing, yearning

"her anxiety to please"

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Autobiography

noun: autobiography; plural noun: autobiographies

an account of a person's life written by that person.

"he gives a vivid description of his childhood in his autobiography"

synonyms: memoirs, life story, account of one's life, personal history; More
autobiographies considered as a literary genre.

"the book is a curious mixture of autobiography and fantasy"

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adjective

adjective: ecstatic

1.

feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or joyful excitement.

"ecstatic fans filled the stadium"

synonyms: enraptured, elated, transported, in transports, in raptures, euphoric; More

antonyms: miserable
2.

involving an experience of mystic self-transcendence.

"an ecstatic vision of God"

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Astonished

verb

past tense: astonished; past participle: astonished

surprise or impress (someone) greatly.

"you never fail to astonish me"

synonyms:

amaze, astound, stagger, surprise, startle, stun, confound, dumbfound, stupefy, daze, nonplus;

throw, shake, unnerve, disconcert, discompose, bewilder;

take someone's breath away, take by surprise, take aback, shake up, stop someone in their tracks, strike dumb, leave open-mouthed, leave aghast, catch off balance;

informalflabbergast, floor, knock for six, knock sideways, knock out, knock the stuffing out of, bowl over, blow someone's mind, blow away

"I was astonished at how much he had learned"

amazing, astounding, staggering, shocking, surprising, breathtaking, striking, impressive,bewildering, stunning, stupefying;

unnerving, unsettling, disturbing, disquieting;

awe-inspiring, remarkable, notable, noteworthy, extraordinary, outstanding, incredible, unbelievable, phenomenal, uncommon, unheard of;

informalmind-boggling, mind-blowing, hard to swallow, amazeballs

"she has read an astonishing number of books"

adjective

adjective: conclusive

(of evidence or argument) having or likely to have the effect of proving a case; decisive.

"conclusive evidence"

synonyms:

incontrovertible, incontestable, irrefutable, unquestionable, undeniable, indisputable, unassailable, beyond dispute, beyond question, beyond doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt, certain, decisive, convincing, clinching, definitive, definite, positive, final, ultimate, categorical, demonstrative, unequivocal, unarguable, unanswerable, uncontroversial;

airtight, watertight

"conclusive proof"

antonyms:

inconclusive, unconvincing

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Solicit

so·lic·it

/s?'lisit/

verb

ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone.

"he called a meeting to solicit their views"

synonyms:

ask for, request, apply for, put in for, seek, beg, plead for, sue for, crave, canvass, call for, drum up, press for;

rareimpetrate

"Phil had been trying to solicit his help all morning"

ask (someone) for something.

"historians and critics are solicited for opinions by the auction houses"
accost someone and offer one's or someone else's services as a prostitute.

"prostitutes solicit openly on the streets"

synonyms: work as a prostitute, engage in prostitution, accost people, make sexual advances, tout (for business);

informalhustle

"prostitutes gather in the center of the city to solicit"

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Omnipresent

om·ni·pres·ent

/?ämn?'preznt/

adjective

adjective: omnipresent

widely or constantly encountered; common or widespread.

"the omnipresent threat of natural disasters"

synonyms:

present everywhere, ubiquitous, general, universal, worldwide, global, all-pervasive, all-present, infinite, boundless;

rife, prevalent, predominant, common, extensive, wide-ranging, far-reaching

"in fairy tales, evil is as omnipresent as virtue"

(of God) present everywhere at the same time.

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Perception

per·cep·tion

/p?r'sepSH(?)n/

noun

noun: perception; plural noun: perceptions

the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.

"the normal limits to human perception"

the state of being or process of becoming aware of something through the senses.

"the perception of pain"

synonyms: discernment, appreciation, recognition, realization, cognizance; More
a way of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something; a mental impression.

"Hollywood's perception of the tastes of the American public"

intuitive understanding and insight.

"“He wouldn't have accepted,” said my mother with unusual perception"

synonyms:

insight, perceptiveness, percipience, perspicacity, perspicuity, understanding, keenness, sharpness, sharp-wittedness, quick-wittedness, intelligence, intuition, cleverness, incisiveness, trenchancy, wit, astuteness, shrewdness, acuteness, acuity, subtlety, clarity, discrimination, discernment, sensitivity, penetration, thoughtfulness, profundity

"he talks with great perception on all matters theatrical"

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Intriguing

in·trigue

verb

gerund or present participle: intriguing

/in'treg/

arouse the curiosity or interest of; fascinate.

"I was intrigued by your question"

synonyms:

interest, be of interest to, fascinate, be a source of fascination to, arouse someone's curiosity, engage someone's attention, attract, draw, lure, tempt, tantalize;

rivet, absorb, engross, charm, captivate;

divert, titillate

"other people's houses always intrigued her"

interesting, fascinating, absorbing, compelling, gripping, riveting, captivating,engaging, enthralling, diverting, titillating, tantalizing;

stimulating, thought-provoking

"a wealth of intriguing stories appear in this book"

make secret plans to do something illicit or detrimental to someone.

"the delegates were intriguing for their own gains"

synonyms:

plot, hatch a plot, conspire, take part in a conspiracy, make secret plans, lay plans, scheme, maneuver, connive, collude, work hand in glove;

rarecomplot, cabal, machinate

"the ministers were intriguing for their own gains"

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Smirking

adjective

adjective: smirking

smiling in an irritatingly smug, conceited, or silly way.

"a smirking teammate offered mocking applause"

smirk

/sm?rk/

verb

gerund or present participle: smirking

smile in an irritatingly smug, conceited, or silly way.

"he smirked in triumph"

synonyms: smile smugly, simper, snigger;

leer;

archaicsmicker, smirtle

"she turned and smirked at Edward"

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Indulge

verb

verb: indulge; 3rd person present: indulges; past tense: indulged; past participle: indulged; gerund or present participle: indulging

allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of.

"we indulged in some hot fudge sundaes"

synonyms:

wallow in, give oneself up to, give way to, yield to, abandon oneself to, give rein to, give free rein to;

luxuriate in, revel in, lose oneself in

"she indulged in a fit of sulks"

antonyms:

stifle

become involved in (an activity, typically one that is undesirable or disapproved of).

"I don't indulge in idle gossip"

INFORMAL

allow oneself to enjoy a particular pleasure, especially that of alcohol.

"I only indulge on special occasions"

synonyms:

treat oneself, give oneself a treat, luxuriate in something, give oneself up to pleasure;

splash out;

informalhave a spree, go to town, splurge

"a man should indulge himself now and then"

antonyms:

deny oneself

satisfy or yield freely to (a desire or interest).

"she was able to indulge a growing passion for literature"

synonyms: satisfy, gratify, fulfill, satiate, quench, appease, feed, accommodate; More
allow (someone) to enjoy a desired pleasure.

"I spent time indulging myself with secret feasts"

synonyms: pamper, spoil, overindulge, coddle, mollycoddle, cosset, nanny, nursemaid, mother, baby, pet, spoon-feed, feather-bed, wrap in cotton wool, overparent; More

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Anagram

noun

noun: anagram; plural noun: anagrams

a word, phrase, or name formed by rearranging the letters of another, such as cinema, formed from iceman.

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Equestrianism

noun

noun: equestrianism

the skill or sport of horse riding. As an Olympic sport it is divided into three disciplines: show jumping, dressage, and the three-day event (combining show jumping, dressage, and cross-country riding).

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Bark

verb

3rd person present: barks

1.
BRITISH

strip the bark from (a tree or piece of wood).

"they had to be barked by hand, you couldn't peel them the way you can newly cut wood"
2.

TECHNICAL

tan or dye (leather or other materials) using the tannins found in bark.

noun

plural noun: barks

a ship or boat.

adjective

adjective: subtle; comparative adjective: subtler; superlative adjective: subtlest

(especially of a change or distinction) so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyse or describe.

"his language expresses rich and subtle meanings"

synonyms:

fine, fine-drawn, ultra-fine, nice, overnice, minute, precise, narrow, tenuous; More

antonyms:

crude

(of a mixture or effect) delicately complex and understated.

"subtle lighting"

synonyms: understated, low-key, muted, toned down, subdued; More

capable of making fine distinctions.

"a subtle mind"

synonyms:

astute, keen, quick, fine, acute, sharp, razor-like, razor-sharp, rapier-like, canny, shrewd, aware, perceptive, discerning, sensitive, discriminating, penetrating, sagacious, wise, clever, intelligent, skilful, artful; More

arranged in an ingenious and elaborate way.

"the German plan was simple yet subtle"

2.

making use of clever and indirect methods to achieve something.

"he tried a more subtle approach"
3.

ARCHAIC

crafty; cunning.

"the subtle fiend dissembled"

synonyms: ingenious, clever, skilful, adroit, cunning, crafty, wily, artful, devious

"the plan was simple yet subtle"

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Glistening

adjective

adjective: glistening

shining with a sparkling light.

"the glistening golden dome"

verb

gerund or present participle: glistening

(of something wet or greasy) shine with a sparkling light.

"his cheeks glistened with tears"

synonyms:

shine, sparkle, twinkle, glint, glitter, catch the light, glimmer, shimmer, glow, flicker, blink, wink, flash;

literaryglister;

rarecoruscate, scintillate, fulgurate, effulge, luminesce, incandesce, phosphoresce

"the sea glistened in the early morning light"

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Hardship

noun

noun: hardship; plural noun: hardships

severe suffering or privation.

"intolerable levels of hardship"

synonyms: privation, deprivation, destitution, poverty, austerity, penury, want, need, neediness, beggary, impecuniousness, impecuniosity, financial distress; More

antonyms: prosperity, ease

a condition of life that causes difficulty or suffering:

The 1930s were a time of high unemployment and economic hardship.
The Commission does not believe that the proposed rule change will pose an undue hardship on venture capital firms.

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Wintry

adjective

adjective: wintry; comparative adjective: wintrier; superlative adjective: wintriest; adjective: wintery

characteristic of winter, especially in feeling or looking very cold and bleak.

"a wintry landscape"

synonyms: bleak, cold, chilly, frosty, freezing, icy, snowy, icy-cold, arctic, glacial, frigid, bitter, biting, piercing, sharp, raw; More

antonyms: summery, balmy, hot, friendly, warm

unfriendly and disapproving:
She gave a wintry smile.

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Esteem

noun

respect and admiration.

"he was held in high esteem by colleagues"

synonyms:

respect, admiration, (high) regard, (high/good) opinion, estimation, acclaim, approbation, approval, appreciation, favour, popularity, recognition, veneration, awe, reverence, deference, honour, praise, adulation, extolment, homage;

rarelaudation

"she was held in high esteem by colleagues"

verb

respect and admire.

"many of these qualities are esteemed by managers"

synonyms:

respect, admire, value, regard, hold in (high) regard, think (highly) of, acclaim, approve of, appreciate, like, prize, treasure, favour, recognize, venerate, hold in awe, look up to, revere, reverence, honour, praise, adulate, extol, pay homage to

"contemporary Japanese ceramics are highly esteemed"

FORMAL

consider; deem.

"I should esteem it a favour if you could speak to them"

synonyms:

consider, regard as, deem, hold to be, think, think of as, reckon, count, account, believe, judge, adjudge, rate, class as, gauge, look on as, view as, see as, interpret as

"I would esteem it a favour if you could speak to him"

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Crisp

adjective

1.
(of a substance) firm, dry, and brittle.

"crisp bacon"

synonyms: crunchy, crispy, brittle, crumbly, breakable, shatterable, friable, frangible;

(of the weather) cool, fresh, and invigorating.

"a crisp autumn day"

synonyms:

brisk, bracing, fresh, refreshing, invigorating, stimulating, energizing, exhilarating, rousing, fortifying, tonic;

noun

1.

BRITISH

a wafer-thin slice of potato fried or baked until crisp and eaten as a snack.

"cut down on fatty snacks such as crisps"
2.

a dessert of fruit baked with a crunchy topping of brown sugar, butter, and flour.

"rhubarb crisp"

verb

1.
give (food) a crisp surface by placing it in an oven or under a grill.

"crisp the pitta in the oven"
2.

ARCHAIC

curl (something) into short, stiff, wavy folds or crinkles.

"there is a cooling breeze which crisps the broad clear river"

A wintry wonderland was bathed in a crisp.

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Conifer - con tree

noun

noun: conifer; plural noun: conifers

a tree that bears cones and needle-like or scale-like leaves that are typically evergreen. Conifers are of major importance as the source of softwood, and also supply resins and turpentine.

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Shroud

1. countable noun

A shroud is a cloth which is used for wrapping a dead body.

2. countable noun

You can refer to something that surrounds an object or situation as a shroud of something.

...a parked car huddled under a shroud of grey snow. [+ of]

Ministers are as keen as ever to wrap their activities in a shroud of secrecy. [+ of]

Synonyms: covering, veil, mantle, screen More Synonyms of shroud

3. verb

If something has been shrouded in mystery or secrecy, very little information about it has been made available.

For years the teaching of acting has been shrouded in mystery. [be VERB-ed + in]

...the secrecy which has shrouded the whole affair. [VERB noun]

shrouded graded adjective [v-link ADJ in n]

His demise is as shrouded in mystery as ever.

4. verb

If darkness, fog, or smoke shrouds an area, it covers it so that it is difficultto see.

Mist shrouded the outline of Buckingham Palace. [VERB noun]

Synonyms: conceal, cover, screen, hide More Synonyms of shroud

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Obscure

verb

3rd person present: obscures

keep from being seen; conceal.

"grey clouds obscure the sun"

synonyms:

hide, conceal, cover, veil, shroud, screen, mask, cloak, cast a shadow over, shadow, envelop, mantle, block, block out, blank out, obliterate, eclipse, overshadow; More

antonyms:

reveal

make unclear and difficult to understand.

"the debate has become obscured by conflicting ideological perspectives"

synonyms: confuse, complicate, obfuscate, cloud, blur, muddy; More

antonyms: clarify, illuminate
keep from being known.

"none of this should obscure the skill and perseverance of the workers"

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Courtesy

noun: courtesy; plural noun: courtesies

the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behaviour towards others.

"he treated the players with courtesy and good humour"

synonyms:

politeness, courteousness, good manners, civility, respect, respectfulness, deference, chivalry, gallantry, good breeding, gentility, graciousness, kindness, consideration, thought, thoughtfulness, cordiality, geniality, affability, urbanity, polish, refinement, courtliness, decorousness, tact, discretion, diplomacy; More

antonyms:

discourtesy, rudeness

a polite remark or considerate act.

"a ritual exchange of courtesies with the lawyers"
(especially of transport) supplied free of charge to people who are already paying for another service.

modifier noun: courtesy

"a courtesy car"

2.

ARCHAIC

a curtsy.

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Subordinate

adjective

adjective: subordinate

/s?'b??d?n?t/

1.
lower in rank or position.

"his subordinate officers"

synonyms: lower-ranking, junior, lower, lesser, inferior, lowly, minor, supporting;

second-fiddle

"she kept her distance from subordinate staff"

antonyms: superior, senior
of less or secondary importance.

"in adventure stories, character must be subordinate to action"

synonyms: secondary, lesser, minor, subsidiary, subservient, ancillary, auxiliary, attendant, peripheral, marginal, of little account/importance; More

noun

noun: subordinate; plural noun: subordinates

/s?'b??d?n?t/

a person under the authority or control of another within an organization.

"he was mild-mannered, especially with his subordinates"

synonyms:

junior, assistant, second, second in command, number two, right-hand man/woman, deputy, aide, adjutant, subaltern, apprentice, underling, flunkey, minion, lackey, mate, inferior; More

antonyms:

superior, senior

verb

verb: subordinate; 3rd person present: subordinates; past tense: subordinated; past participle: subordinated; gerund or present participle: subordinating

/s?'b??d?ne?t/

1.

treat or regard as of lesser importance than something else.

"practical considerations were subordinated to political expediency"

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Miniature

adjective

1.

very small of its kind.

"children dressed as miniature adults"

synonyms: small-scale, scaled-down, mini; More

noun

1.
a thing that is much smaller than normal, especially a small replica or model.

"seven full-size car bodies and three miniatures were used"

verb

LITERARY

1.

represent on a smaller scale.

"she saw her own reflection miniatured"

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Disembark

verb

verb: disembark; 3rd person present: disembarks; past tense: disembarked; past participle: disembarked; gerund or present participle: disembarking

leave a ship, aircraft, or train.

"the passengers began to disembark"

synonyms: get off, step off, leave; More

antonyms: embark

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Fictional

adjective

adjective: fictional

relating to or occurring in fiction; invented for the purposes of fiction.

"fictional texts"

synonyms:

fictitious, invented, imaginary, imagined, made up, make-believe, unreal, fabricated, concocted, devised, mythical, storybook, the product of someone's imagination

"a fictional character"

antonyms:

real, actual

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Bilateral

adjective

adjective: bilateral

1.

having or relating to two sides; affecting both sides.

"bilateral hearing is essential for sound location"
2.

involving two parties, especially countries.

"the bilateral agreements with Japan"

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Ensue

verb

past tense: ensued; past participle: ensued

happen or occur afterwards or as a result.

"the difficulties which ensued from their commitment to Cuba"

synonyms:

result, follow, develop, stem, spring, arise, derive, evolve, proceed, emerge, emanate, issue, flow;

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Combatant

a person or nation engaged in fighting during a war.

"in the long Russo-Swedish conflict, both combatants endured terrible sacrifices"

synonyms:

fighter, fighting man, fighting woman, soldier, serviceman, servicewoman, warrior, trooper

"he was involved in the war, but not as a combatant"

antonyms:

civilian

a person engaged in conflict or competition with another.

"a long-time combatant for the control of Newcastle FC"

synonyms:

contender, antagonist, adversary, battler, opponent, contestant, competitor, player, challenger, disputant, rival

"these are only some of the combatants in a new online war for your custom"

adjective: combatant

1.

engaged in fighting during a war.

"all the combatant armies went to war with machine guns"

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Co-belligerent

noun

noun: co-belligerent; plural noun: co-belligerents

any of two or more nations engaged in war as allies.

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Coalition

noun: coalition; plural noun: coalitions

a temporary alliance for combined action, especially of political parties forming a government.

"a coalition between Liberals and Conservatives"

synonyms:

alliance, union, partnership, affiliation, bloc, caucus;

federation, league, association, confederacy, confederation, consortium, syndicate, combine, entente, alignment;

amalgamation, merger;

conjunction, combination, fusion

"the general election saw no change in the ruling four-party coalition"

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Entente

noun

noun: entente; plural noun: ententes; noun: entente cordiale; plural noun: entente cordiales

a friendly understanding or informal alliance between states or factions.

"the emperor hoped to bring about an entente with Russia"

synonyms: understanding, agreement, arrangement, entente cordiale, covenant, settlement; More
a group of states in an informal alliance.

"the unsuccessful scheme to lure Greece into the war on the side of the entente"

the understanding between Britain and France reached in 1904, forming the basis of Anglo-French cooperation in the First World War.

noun: Entente Cordiale; noun: the Entente Cordiale

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Belligerent

adjective

adjective: belligerent

hostile and aggressive.

"the mood at the meeting was belligerent"

synonyms:

hostile, aggressive, threatening, antagonistic, pugnacious, bellicose, truculent, confrontational, argumentative, quarrelsome, disputatious, contentious, militant, combative; More

antonyms:

friendly, peaceable

engaged in a war or conflict, as recognized by international law.

"a conference of socialists from all belligerent countries"

synonyms: warring, at war, combatant, fighting, battling, contending, conflicting, clashing, quarrelling; More

noun

noun: belligerent; plural noun: belligerents

1.

a nation or person engaged in war or conflict, as recognized by international law.

"ships and goods captured at sea by a belligerent"

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Adhered

verb

past tense: adhered; past participle: adhered

1.

stick fast to (a surface or substance).

"paint won't adhere well to a greasy surface"

synonyms: stick, stick fast, cling, hold fast, cohere, bond, attach; More

believe in and follow the practices of.

"I do not adhere to any organized religion"

closely follow, observe, or represent.

"the account adhered firmly to fact"

synonyms:

abide by, stick to, hold to, comply with, stand by, be faithful to, act in accordance with, pay attention to, pay regard to, go along with, cooperate with, conform to, submit to; More

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subrogation - Law

Substitute (one person or thing) for another in respect of a debt or insurance claim and any associated rights and duties.

‘a guarantor may be subrogated to the rights of the creditor’

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subjugate - bring under domination or control, especially by conquest.
"the invaders had soon subjugated most of the population"

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Contradict-

verb

verb: contradict; 3rd person present: contradicts; past tense: contradicted; past participle: contradicted; gerund or present participle: contradicting

deny the truth of (a statement) by asserting the opposite.

"the survey appears to contradict the industry's claims"

synonyms:

deny, refute, rebut, dispute, counter;

say the opposite of;

formalgainsay;

rarecontrovert, confute, negative

"this statement was contradicted by the foreign minister"

antonyms:

confirm, verify, agree with

assert the opposite of a statement made by (someone).

"he did not contradict her but just said nothing"

synonyms: challenge, oppose, argue against, go against, be at variance with; More

be in conflict with.

"the existing layout of the city contradicted the logic of the new centre"

synonyms:

conflict with, be at odds with, be at variance with, disagree with, be inconsistent with, clash with, run counter to, give the lie to, belie;

negate;

informalfly in the face of, make a nonsense of, shoot full of holes, drive a coach and horses through

"this research contradicts computer models which predict a warmer, wetter world"

antonyms:

corroborate, support

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coerced(co·erce): Persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats.
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inert: lacking the ability or strength to move. chemically inactive.

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conservative: averse to change or innovation and holding traditional values.

(in a political context) favouring free enterprise, private ownership, and socially conservative ideas.
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contemporary (con·tem·po·rar·y): Living or occurring at the same time.

Although the play was written hundreds of years ago, it still has a contemporary (= modern) feel to it.

belonging to the same or a stated period in the past:
Almost all of the contemporary accounts of the event have been lost.
Most of the writers he was contemporary with were interested in the same subjects.

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quaint: attractively unusual or old-fashioned.

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contrary(con·trar·y): Opposite in nature, direction, or meaning.

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Congnition (cog·ni·tion): The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought,
experience, and the senses.
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Rigorous (rig·or·ous): Extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate.
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Damp: Slightly wet. This shirt still feels a bit damp. The grass is still damp.

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Equator: The equator is a line which is not real drawn around a sphere or planet, such as the Earth.
It is one of the lines known as a line of latitude, or circle of latitude. The name "equator"
is Latin for "even-maker"; at equator the day and night are exactly the same length around the
year.

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Critique(cri·tique): a detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a literary,
philosophical, or political theory.

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Precipitation(pre·cip·i·ta·tion):

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of
atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of
precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail

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Absurdity:

the quality of being stupid and unreasonable, or silly in a humorous way ||
something that is stupid or unreasonable
The sheer absurdity of the plot does not spoil the play.
He was smart enough to realize the absurdity in all this.
To say that he does not have control is an absurdity.

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Ferment:

Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates
through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction
of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. (wine making)

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Derivation: the action of obtaining something from a source or origin.

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Exponentiation (ex·po·nen·ti·a·tion):

The operation of raising one quantity to the power of another.
2 exponentiation 2 = 2*2 = 4

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Splice:

Verb- join or connect (a rope or ropes) by interweaving the strands at the ends.
"we learned how to weave and splice ropes"
noun- a join consisting of two ropes, pieces of tape or timber, etc. joined together at the ends.

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Refute:

prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove.

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Vandalism: action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.

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Notion: (no·tion) A conception of or belief about something.

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Crotch:
the part of the human body between the legs where they join the torso.
a fork in a tree, road, or river.

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Scrutiny (scru·ti·ny): Critical observation or examination.

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Definitive: (of a conclusion or agreement) done or reached decisively and with authority.

a definitive judgment/ruling, not able to be changed or improved , considered to be the best of its type:
There are no definitive answers/solutions to this problem.
The police have no definitive proof of her guilt.

firm, final, and complete; not to be questioned or changed:
There is no definitive scientific evidence that coffee is harmful.

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Consensus - (con·sen·sus):

General agreement

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Reconnaissance - (re·con·nais·sance) -

Military observation of a region to locate an enemy or ascertain strategic features.

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Bizarre (bi·zarre)

Very strange or unusual, especially so as to cause interest or amusement

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Hygiene

noun: hygiene

conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness.

"poor standards of food hygiene"

synonyms:

cleanliness, personal hygiene, personal cleanliness, purity, sterility, disinfection, sanitation, sanitariness;

public health, environmental health, sanitary measures

"poor standards of food hygiene"

antonyms:

uncleanliness

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Tortuous (tor·tu·ous)

adjective

adjective: tortuous

full of twists and turns.

"the route is remote and tortuous"

synonyms:

twisting, winding, curving, curvy, bending, sinuous, undulating, coiling, looping, meandering, serpentine, snaking, snaky, zigzag, convoluted, spiralling, twisty, circuitous, rambling, wandering, indirect, deviating, devious, labyrinthine, mazy; More

antonyms:

straight

excessively lengthy and complex.

"a tortuous argument"

synonyms:

convoluted, roundabout, circuitous, indirect, unstraightforward, involved, complicated, complex, confusing, lengthy, overlong, verbose, difficult to follow

"a tortuous argument"

antonyms:

straightforward

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Torture (tor·ture)

Inflict severe pain on.

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circadian (cir·ca·di·an)

(of biological processes) recurring naturally on a twenty-four-hour cycle,
even in the absence of light fluctuations.

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Scrutinize (scru·ti·nize)

Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.

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Deprivation (dep·ri·va·tion)

The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society.

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decisive (de·ci·sive) - Settling an issue; producing a definite result.

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crux - The decisive or most important point at issue.

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elicit (e·lic·it) - Evoke or draw out (a response, answer, or fact) from someone in reaction to one's own actions or questions.

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Autonomous - having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs.
having the freedom to act independently.
denoting or performed by a device capable of operating without direct human control.

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Conscious (con·scious): Aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake.

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Intuition (in·tu·i·tion): The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.

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Endeavour (en·deav·or): Try hard to do or achieve something.
an attempt to achieve a goal. "an endeavour to reduce serious injury"

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Aesthetic (aes·thet·ic): Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

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Multilingual(mul·ti·lin·gual): In or using several languages.

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Impediment (im·ped·i·ment): a hindrance or obstruction in doing something.
"a serious impediment to scientific progress

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Emphasis(): special importance, value, or prominence given to something.
"they placed great emphasis on the individual's freedom"
stress given to a word or words when speaking to indicate particular importance.
"inflection and emphasis can change the meaning of what is said"

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Proclamation(proc·la·ma·tion): a public or official announcement dealing with a matter of great importance.
"the issuing by the monarch of a proclamation dissolving Parliament"

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Monarch(mon·arch): A sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor.

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Rigorous(rig·or·ous): Extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate

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Controversy(con·tro·ver·sy): Disagreement, typically when prolonged, public, and heated.

Controversy is a state of
prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of conflicting opinion or point of view.
prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion.
"the design of the building has caused controversy"

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Intrigue(intrigue): arouse the curiosity or interest of; fascinate.
"I was intrigued by your question"
make secret plans to do something illicit or detrimental to someone.
"Henry and Louis intrigued with the local nobles"

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Consensus(con·sen·sus): a general agreement.
"there is a growing consensus that the current regime has failed"

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Controversy(con·tro·ver·sy): prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion.
"the design of the building has caused controversy"

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Prolonged(pro·longed): adjective - continuing for a long time or longer than usual; lengthy.
"the region suffered a prolonged drought"

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Prolong(pro-long): extend the duration of.
"an idea which prolonged the life of the engine by many years"

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Spurt(spurt) verb: gush out in a sudden and forceful stream.
"he cut his finger, and blood spurted over the sliced potatoes"

move with a sudden burst of speed.
"the other car had spurted to the top of the ramp"

noun: a sudden gushing stream.
"a sudden spurt of blood gushed into her eyes"

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Robust(ro·bust)

strong and healthy; vigorous. - "the Caplan family are a robust lot" (of an object)
sturdy in construction. -"a robust metal cabinet"
(of wine or food) strong and rich in flavour or smell. "a robust mixture of fish, onions, capers and tomatoes"

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dreadful(dread·ful)

1.
causing or involving great suffering, fear, or unhappiness; extremely bad or serious.

"there's been a dreadful accident"

synonyms: terrible, frightful, horrible, grim, awful, dire; More

antonyms: mild
extremely disagreeable.

"the weather was dreadful"

synonyms: unpleasant, disagreeable, nasty; More

(of a person) unwell or troubled.

"I feel dreadful—I hate myself"
2.

used to emphasize the degree to which something is the case, especially something regarded with sadness or disapproval.

"this was all a dreadful mistake"

synonyms: outrageous, shocking;

inordinate, immoderate, unrestrained;
great, tremendous

"you're a dreadful flirt"

English Words

English word definitions_1

confined -

confinement -

Incomprehensive or incomprehensible: use incomprehensible

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